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v0.1.1
10/28/06
verbal affixes
doer
of X (person) (v>n.d) ga
doer
of X (non-person) (v>n.d) gle
person
who causes change to state X (v>n.d) vu
non-person
who causes change to state X (v>n.d) jle
(patient
of action X) (v>n.d) ji
(patient
with result state X) (v>n.d) tao
(focus
of X) (v>n.d) cu
(indirect
object of X) (v>nd.) toi
(active
participle of X, subject) yo
(active
participle of X, causing change to state X) ve
(focus
participle of X) coi
(patient
of X participle) jao
discrete
action of X, X-tion, event of (eg. a kick (v>n.d) ti
X-ing
(gerund), the activity (v>n.m), X-ness (adjectives), state of being X ze
(abstract
concept of) swi
X-worthy,
worthy of being the focus of X (v>adj) cyo
X-able,
possible to be the focus of X (v>adj) slo
X-able,
possible to become or do X (v>adj) gwi
X-able,
possible to be the patient of X (v>adj) joi
likely to X,
X-ing (eg forgiving) (v>adj) twe
(passive:
promote patient, demote agent) voi
(passive:
promote focus, demote agent) sti
(elide
focus/patient) je
(verb
has no non-required dependents) gai
make
self ~, i bi
oneself,
u bi ge
aspect/tense
(habitual
activity) fle
(iterative)
ma
(perfective)
ko
(professional
activity) flai
(imperfective
aspect), -ing vla
have
X (perfect) pya
used
to X, previously qu
change
from X pa
change
to, obtain quality, -ify, become to
more
(self-change, intensity), X-en fyo
less
(self-change, intensity), de-X-en zai
go
back from X, undo X ke
go
back to X, redo X nu
keep
doing X, stay X dji
pause
X, momentarily stop X mai
discontinue/cancel/cease
to X moi
X-ed
(past tense) gwa
now
(present tense) swe
will
(future tense) twi
recently/soon
(near in time) gre
long
ago/in a long time (far in time) pra
accidentally
cpe
(attempt)
(eg, bite at) dwa
(subjunctive,
hypothetical) ce
nounal affixes
(discrete
noun -> mass noun) (n.d>n.m) qa
(mass
noun -> discrete noun) (n.m>n.d) twa
(action
associated with X) (n>v) gu
X
as a group tcai
X-ess
(female) nyo
(male)
vle
(both
genders), co-ed jai
natural
set of X (collective) de
X-ese,
X-ian, from X, resident of X cle
that
which is not an X, non-X co
X-ken,
X-ie, (endearing affix) noi
any class affixes
(small
size/scope) zi
(big
size/scope) be
(small
time frame) di
(long
time frame) su
(low
intensity) na
(high
intensity) vi
(honorable)
jo
(pejorative,
dishonorable) pu
mixed
up, bad, dys-X fwe
person
associated with X (a>n.d) do
not,
non-X, un-X ne
un-X
(opposite, cf Esp mal-) li
manner,
in the manner of; X-ly (v,n>adv) mu
X-like,
having the quality of X, X-ful (v,n>adj) cwe
unlike
X, not having the quality of X, X-less (v,n>adj) spu
X-th,
scale of X-ness mwe
X-ward
(eg eastward, inward , etc) kre
specifier particles
thing/person
named X cai
this
kri
that
kwa
that
over there kyu
a
certain da
the
te
any/representative
ki
any,
a (existential quantifier: there is X such that) foi ( = ja bu)
with
adhoc name X tci
which
fu
no
more than, at most nwe
no
less than, at least wi
no
more and no less than, exactly, exclusively zu
this
one (thing) kri ta
that
one (thing) ta
what
(question) vo ta
what
(relative pronoun) du ta
nothing
bu ta
something
da ta
anything
foi ta
everything
vli ta
this
one (person) kri no
that
one (person) no
who
(question) vo no
who
(relative pronoun) du no
no
one bu no
someone
da no
anyone
foi no
everyone
vli no
this
much kri kcu
that
much, that many kcu
how
much, how many vo kcu
that
kind, such klao
what
kind (question) vo klao
what
kind (relative pronoun) du klao
no
kind of bu klao
a
lot of, much, many loi
too
much/many stu
none,
no, not any bu ( = ja foi)
plural
ni
little,
few, a little of nai
a
few bwi
some
of X, part of X (not all of X) glo
the
whole of, all of pai
no
matter which, whichever cli
more
of (amount) myo
most
of (amount) mwa
more
(quantity, than before) cti
all,
each, every vli
each
gya vli
every
(together) zwa vli
distinct
set of X (per each pairing: to each Y) zwe
(ordinal:
first, second, etc) [d>v] dje
zero
gru
one
fwa
two
kye
three
clo
four
vyu
five
zwi
six
mla
seven
syo
eight
blu
nine
pwi
ten
nya
hundred
kamo
thousand
joke
million
fine
pronouns
I
le
we
(me & you) lai
we
(me & them, not you) lao
you
(sg) si
you.pl
& not them soi
you
& them sya
he/she
va
it
(non-human) fe
one
(generic person) mo
they
(human/personalized) vye
they
(non-human) fai
(refers
to clause subject) bi
(refers
to the sentence subject) ku
(refers
to agent causing the state) zo
each
other zye
(refers
to focus of the agent causing the state) go
(resumptive
pronoun) lu
(entity
fitting semantic range of the role wrt the verb) zlo
the
other X (party 2) nyu
(environment
pronoun) tsu
the
one (who/that) ye
adverbial particles
already,
yet bwe
still,
anymore gro
not
(global), its not true that ja
yes,
indeed, do se
again
fra
impossible
that X fli
improbable
that X pwe
maybe,
possibly, might tya
probably
jlo
definitely,
certainly cwa
please
(command) swa
(standard
command) zyo
most
(intensity) bwa
more
(intensity) byo
like,
equally, as bo
very
fwi
pretty
(ziemlich) poi
individually,
each gya
together,
in a single action zwa
same
(for all the subject entities), shared dya
unique
per each subject entity; separate bro
now
(this time) kri kwe
then
(that time) kwe
when
(question) vo kwe
when
(relative pronoun) du kwe
never
bu kwe
sometime
da kwe
any
time foi kwe
always,
every time vli kwe, ya kwe
here
kri kya
there
kya
where
(question) vo kya
where
(relative pronoun) du kya
nowhere
bu kya
somewhere
da kya
anywhere
foi kya
everywhere
vli kya, ya kya
this
way kri kli
that
way kli
how
(question) vo kli
how
(relative pronoun) du kli
no
way bu kli
every
way vli kli, ya kli
this
reason kri koi
that
reason koi
why
(question) vo koi
why
(relative pronoun) du koi
no
reason bu koi
every
reason ya koi
auxiliary verbs
can,
have ability to mluti
can,
may (permission) slago
must,
have to, need (obligation) mavi
need
(physical) koce
not
(verb particle; local negation) me
want
lije
would
like, prefer to fwelu
should
wecu
other independent particles
that
(complementizer: elided agent subject) lo
to
V (verb), that (complementizer: elided patient subject or no elision) mi
that
(complementizer, one implied) pe
and
(between clauses) fyu
and,
also (within phrases) cla
but
tco
or
(between clauses) bre
or
(within phrases) djo
just,
only, merely (expect more) fre
too,
excessive (intensity) ju
incidentally
(parenthetical) ca
#
of times (once, twice, etc) mao
again
vai
even
bri
in
contrast, however qe
such
as, for example bli
(yes/no
question word, expecting yes) sla
(yes/no
question word, with no expectation of yes or no) vao
(yes/no
question word, expecting no) zwai
(converts
that X-words into question words) vo
(non-restrictive
modifier follows) zoi
(turns
that-words into relative (?) pronouns) du
(emphatic)
tcu
proverbs
do
so/too/that (absolute reference) tu
do
so/too/that (relative reference) wa
to
do ones characteristic action jlai
causijunctions (VP follows)
allowing
zive
attempting
to jugi
implies
(only if: logical implication) suna
in
order to, so that, with intent to, plan to vajo
(inverts
causijunction) tce
but
regardless, but X anyway muta
so,
and, then, now pao
though,
however ceba
consequently,
which is the reason that, for that reason, that is why (abstract causation)
senu
with
possible result of kole
with
result of (physical causation) cike
(causijunction:
other predicate) mli
whether
or not X, no matter X spa
even
though nagi
if
(logical implication) lofu
by
(action to accomplish something) cuci
causing,
making (concrete causation) fa
cases
(patient)
i
(focus)
u
(modify
same as last case phrase) e
(first
adjunct of a verb with no focus) a
(modify
inside a noun phrase) o
to
(indirect object, recipient) ci
verbal roles in nominal constructions
(actor
performing action X in nominal construction), of, by pyo
(actor
causing patient state X in nominal construction), by wai
(patient of
action X in nominal construction), of zle
(patient
with result state X in nominal construction), of cto
(focus
in nominal construction), of flu
(indirect
object in nominal construction), to blo
prepositions (NP follows)
according
to, judged by sai
after
sle
against
bai
ago
byu
along,
via mlu
among
cpi
around
(outside of) ste
around
(to each; inside) zla
around,
about (scattered: ex = around the room) kai
as
(general) mwi
as
(object complement) dyo
at
(time, location) fo
away
(from), out gli
back
swai
because
of (for in for X reason) sye
before
mle
behind
pro
between
jwa
beyond
goi
by
(demoted subject) yu
causing
X (state resulting from given action) bya
down
zya
except
bla
for,
to, with regard to, concerning bra
for
(beneficiary) gi
for
(do the work for: pack for) tca
for
(in exchange for) doi
for
(time) kyo
forward
zli
from
gwe
from
X (action causing given state) dju
in,
inside (fully inside) boi
in
(partial: sticking into, out of) po
in
front of klo
in
spite of, despite flao
in
(language, words), using (communication format) jli
in
(time: future) vlo
instead
of dwai
(literal
quote) flo
of
(amount) jlu
of
(inalienable) ba
of
(alienable possessor) fi
of
(temporary possessor) ka
of
(vague dominance over) pi
of
(in equal relation to) la
of
(vaguely dominated by) za
of (have X as
social relation given by possessor) zlu
off
(not on the surface of) zyu
on
bottom of blao
on
top of pwai
on
(covering) qo
on
(the surface of) dwe
out,
outside tsa
over,
above kao
than,
as, compared to vyo
through
sta
to
(indirect object) ci
to
(destination) cte
to
(observer: ex = clear to me) mya
towards,
at (in the sense of towards) glu
together
with pye
under,
below, beneath dyao
under
(supporting), with X on it nwi
until
cao
up
so
while,
during, as gla
with,
using, by (transportation) nwa
with
(accompaniment) ble
with
(instrument), using, by (sense) nye
with,
having (temporary possession) bao
with,
having (inalienable possession) mlo
with,
having (alienable possession) slu
with
(together with) pye
without
dja
exclamations
alas;
(sorrow, pity, regret) - nikco
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copyright 2005 by Garrett Jones